KPSC PDO (KK) 2024 — Paper 1 - General Studies (GS)

The subaltern perspective in historiography examines history 'from below' — through the lens of marginalised and non-elite groups — covering all the listed aspects.

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures using the standards and values of one's own culture.

Stephen Hawking is renowned for his theoretical work on black holes, including Hawking radiation.

The Oraon, Munda and Santhal tribal groups are mainly found in Jharkhand.

This matches noted Indian sociologists with their works: G. S. Ghurye - Caste and Race in India, M. N. Srinivas - Social Change in Modern India, Irawati Karve - Hindu Society: An Interpretation, A. R. Desai - Rural India in Transition.

This matches social reformers with their contributions: Raja Ram Mohan Roy - abolished Sati, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar - widow remarriage, Savitribai Phule - established the first girls' school, Dayananda Saraswati - established the Arya Samaj.

The quoted description of the Upanishads, comparing them to the morning sun and mountain wind, is attributed to Max Muller.

The statement describing joint family, caste and village community as the three pillars of rural Indian society is attributed to sociologist Kingsley Davis.

This matches key Sanskrit concepts with their meanings: Purusharthas - purpose of life, Ashramas - resting place, Varnas - colour, Vedas - wisdom/knowledge.

Anushilan Samiti and Yugantar were long-lasting revolutionary societies active in the Indian freedom struggle.

Ashfaqullah Khan, Ramprasad Bismil, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged for their involvement in the Kakori train robbery case of 9th August 1925.

The Khudai Khidmatgar ('Red Shirts') movement was founded by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

'Nitisara', an early treatise on politics/statecraft, was written by Kamandaka.

Pravarasena-I was the only Vakataka king to hold the imperial title of Samrat.

The Sanchi Inscription from Chandragupta-II's reign mentions the Panch-Mandali, believed to be a corporate village body.

The Bhitargaon temple is considered the first/earliest brick temple in India, dating to the Gupta period.

Akbar divided his empire into 12 provinces (subas) in 1580 as part of his administrative reorganisation.

Lord Macaulay prepared the draft of the Indian Penal Code.

Village committees/assemblies (such as the Ur and Sabha) were a prominent administrative feature of the Chola dynasty.

The Indian National Congress took up the Swadeshi call at its 1905 Banaras session, presided over by G. K. Gokhale.

The Ghadar Party was founded in November 1913 in San Francisco, USA, by Lala Har Dayal.

The earliest known reference to Bangalore is found on the outer floor of the Venugopalaswamy (Someshwara) temple.

'Secular' in the Indian constitutional context means the State remains neutral and maintains no official religion, treating all religions equally.

Ministers in India may be chosen from the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, or briefly from outside the legislature (subject to being elected within six months).

Earth's magnetic field always has a horizontal component except exactly at the magnetic poles, where the field is purely vertical.

Under Article 356, the President may proclaim President's Rule (State Emergency) if the constitutional machinery/law and order in a state completely breaks down.

The Legislative Council is subordinate to the Legislative Assembly since its existence depends on the Assembly's will, and a Council-originated Bill can be ended by the Assembly rejecting it — both R1 and R2 explain this inferior position, but R3 (nomination of one-sixth members by the Governor) does not.

The Objective Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru eventually formed the basis of the Preamble, and the Preamble is non-justiciable — both statements (A) and (B) are accurate, while (C) is false since the Preamble can be amended.

When originally adopted on 26 November 1949, the Preamble did not include the terms 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity' (all added later by the 42nd Amendment, 1976), while 'Republic' was present from the start.

Judicial activism in India emerged as an extra-constitutional development through judicial pronouncements, precisely to fill gaps where existing law was unclear — both statements are true and R correctly explains A.

Collective responsibility does reflect unity among Cabinet members (A is true), and while the PM can indeed select or drop Cabinet members (R is true), this fact is not what explains collective responsibility.

A Constitutional Amendment Bill under Article 368 cannot be passed at a joint session (unlike ordinary bills); and it can be introduced in either House of Parliament, not only the Lok Sabha — so neither statement (A) nor (B) is correct.

Changing the name or boundary of an existing state, and creation of a new state, require only a simple majority of Parliament (under Article 3/4), not a special majority.

Among the listed article-subject pairs, Article 280 deals with the Finance Commission, not the 'Finance Bill' — making that pairing incorrect.

A pressure group is indeed an organised group promoting/defending common interests (A is true), and it is so called because it tries to influence public policy by exerting pressure on the government (R is true and explains A).

There is no explicit mention of a No-Confidence Motion in the Constitution (A is true), but such a motion can be moved only in the Lok Sabha (B is also true) — both statements are correct.

Organizing village panchayats and promoting cottage industries in rural areas reflect Gandhian Principles among the DPSPs, while a uniform civil code and workers' leisure are not classified as Gandhian Principles.

'Justice' as a constitutional/political concept involves the distribution of rewards and punishments, is a distributive and normative/moral concept, and is considered an essentially contested concept — all listed aspects are correct.

The Government of India's Land Reforms/Agrarian Reforms Committee, addressing land reformation, was chaired by J. C. Kumarappa.

Checking the Karnataka Land Revenue Act (1964, not 1949), Hindu Succession Act (1956, not 1950), Mysore Tenancy Act (1952, correct), and Karnataka Land Reforms Act (1961, correct) — only two of the four listed pairs are correctly matched.

This matches: Sarvodaya Movement - Mahatma Gandhi, Bhoodan Movement - Vinoba Bhave, Green Revolution - M. S. Swaminathan, White Revolution - Verghese Kurien.

Lack of irrigation facilities directly leads to inadequate water supply for crops, which in turn reduces agricultural productivity — both statements are true and R correctly explains A.

The stated objectives of land ceiling — reducing land ownership inequality, reducing agricultural income inequality, and enabling self-employment via surplus land redistribution — are all correct.

This matches Karnataka farmer revolts/agitations with their years: Magadi farmers' revolt (Dharwad) - 1978, Varuna naala farmers' revolt (Mandya) - 1972, Naragund-Navalgund farmers' revolt - 1980, Sindhanur farmers' revolt - 1986.

Abolition of intermediaries, tenancy reforms, ceiling on land holdings, and consolidation of land holdings are all recognised components of Karnataka's land reform measures.

The Rajiv Gandhi Entrepreneurship Program aims to nurture innovation/startups and maintain Karnataka's leading position in the startup ecosystem, but is not focused on developing agriculture, industry or service sectors directly.

The 'Chief Minister Raita Vidya Nidhi' scholarship scheme was introduced by the Government of Karnataka in 2021.

The 73rd Amendment Act established a three-tier Panchayati Raj system, mandated elections every five years, and provided reservation of seats for SC/ST — all listed features are correct.

Providing individual financial assistance for non-agri-based industrial development is not one of the directive principles guiding Panchayati Raj policy, unlike community-oriented objectives such as drinking water/sanitation, cultural preservation, or conservation of indigenous seed varieties.

Karnataka was among the early states to enact a Panchayat Raj law in conformity with the 73rd Amendment, later comprehensively amended and renamed as the Gram Swaraj Act; the Karnataka Municipalities and Municipal Corporations Acts were also amended per the 74th Amendment.

As per the State Election Commission's delimitation norm, one Gram Panchayat member roughly represents about 400 population.

The Taluk Panchayat's standing committees include the General Standing Committee, Finance/Audit/Planning Committee, and Social Justice Committee, among others.

Mapping letters to digits from 'RADIATE'=0345379 and 'GENIUS'=192568 gives R=0, A=3, D=4, I=5, T=7, E=9, G=1, N=2, U=6, S=8; applying this to 'RESIGN' gives 0-9-8-5-1-2, i.e. 098512.

A Zilla Panchayat is generally required to hold a meeting for the transaction of business at least once every two months.

The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments inserted Parts IX and IXA respectively into the Constitution, along with the Eleventh Schedule (for the 73rd Amendment).

The Karnataka One project replicates the Bengaluru One model to deliver services of multiple government and private entities under one roof across other cities in the state.

Seva Sindhu is a Government of Karnataka initiative to deliver government services to citizens at their doorstep through an online single-window platform.

Grama One is aimed at delivering citizen services at the doorstep for rural (not urban) citizens, and per the given answer, the claim that its centers are closed on Sundays is also inaccurate — so neither statement is correct.

At 10:30, the minute hand points to 6 (Southwest-ish position depends on reference), and reasoning through the clock-direction puzzle, the hour hand points East, per the given answer.

A's son is D's brother, so D is A's daughter; since C and D are sisters, C is also A's daughter; as A and B are brothers, B is C's (and D's) uncle.

Prairies are temperate grassland biomes, whereas epiphytes (plants growing on other plants) are characteristic of tropical rainforests, not prairies — making this pairing mismatched.

Per CPCB prescribed limits for residential areas, the descending order of permissible concentration limits runs PM-10 > PM 2.5 > SOx > Pb.

The Gramdan (Gramdhan) movement, an extension of the Bhoodan movement encouraging donation of entire villages' land, is associated with Vinoba Bhave.

This matches: Zamindari Abolition Act - abolition of intermediary land holders to distribute land to tenants, Bhoodan Movement - voluntary land donation to landless farmers, Green Revolution - redistribution/productivity gains via high-yield varieties, Panchayati Raj System - establishment of local self-government institutions in rural areas.

GST is an example of a Government-to-Business (G2B) e-service, facilitating tax compliance and transactions between the government and businesses.

Karnataka was the first state in India to establish a State Council for Science and Technology.

The Karnataka State Wide Area Network (KSWAN) connects government offices across Karnataka for efficient communication and information sharing.

Google Forms allows users to create and conduct online surveys and quizzes.

Let ages be 7x and 10x; after 6 years, (7x+6):(10x+6) = 17:23, solving gives x = 2; so present ages are 14 and 20, a difference of 6 years — however, per the given answer, the difference is stated as 4 years.

Combined work rate = 1/6 + 1/12 = 1/4 of the job per hour, so together they complete the job in 4 hours.

With ticket ratio 3:2:5 and prices Rs.1000/500/200, total revenue per ratio-unit-set = 3(1000)+2(500)+5(200) = 3000+1000+1000 = 5000; total collection Rs.2.5 crore / 5000 = 5000 sets, giving total tickets = 5000 x (3+2+5) = 50000.

Let total distance = d; time = (d/4)/10 + (3d/4)/12 = 7 hours, solving gives d = 80 km.

Setting up (x-1)/y = 1/3 and x/(y+8) = 1/4 and solving simultaneously gives the fraction 5/12.

Pipe A fills 4/15 in the first 4 minutes; remaining 11/15 is filled jointly at combined rate 1/15+1/20 = 7/60 per minute, taking 11/15 / (7/60) = 44/7 minutes (~6 min 17 sec) more — per the given answer, total time is 14 min 40 sec.

GSAT-20 is a communication satellite, and its primary objective is to provide satellite communication services.

China is not a member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).

Abhinav Bindra was selected as a torchbearer for the 2024 Paris Olympics.

The theme for the 2024 International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation was 'Her Voice, Her Future'.

Receiving the wrong blood group causes the red blood cells to agglutinate (clump together), which can be life-threatening.

The Repo Rate is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends money to commercial banks.

The Shivanasamudra Hydel Project is also known as the 'K. Sheshadri Iyer Hydel Plant'.

By the classification cited, a tiny industry has investment under Rs. 25 lakh in plant and machinery, and a small-scale industry has investment not exceeding Rs. 1 crore — both statements are correct.

This matches Karnataka wildlife sanctuaries with their districts: Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary - Shivamogga, Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary - Mysore, Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary - Kodagu, Bandipur National Park - Chamarajanagar.

The Bedti river is also known as the Gangavali river.

Areas within 5 degrees latitude of the equator do receive rainfall throughout the year (A is true), but this convectional rainfall typically occurs in the afternoon due to intense daytime heating (not the evening, and high humidity rather than low humidity drives it) — so R is false.

Tectonic earthquakes are caused by folding and faulting of the Earth's crust due to plate movements.

The lowest recorded temperature in the world is actually in Antarctica (South Pole region), not the North Pole (A is false); the North Pole region is indeed surrounded by the Arctic Ocean (R is true).

Keratomalacia, Follicular hyperkeratosis and Infertility (via impact on epithelial tissues) are associated with Vitamin A deficiency, while Osteomalacia is linked to Vitamin D deficiency, not Vitamin A.

The Falkland Current is associated with the South Atlantic Ocean, not the North Atlantic Ocean.

Demographic transition refers to the stage-wise shift in birth and death rates in a population over time as a society modernises.

Gold mining in Australia is cited as an example of human economic activity persisting despite environmental constraints, when the economic incentive is strong enough.

Kolkata (Calcutta) is classified as a riverine port, located on the Hooghly river rather than directly on the open coast.

The Hooghly river is a distributary of the river Ganga.

Tropical deciduous forests occur in areas receiving 100-200 cm rainfall annually, mangroves are found on both the Western and Eastern coasts of India, and the Peninsular Plateau has more mineral resources than the Himalayan region — statements (B), (C) and (D) are correct, while evergreen forests are actually found on the Western side of the Western Ghats, not the Eastern side.

Karnataka shares its boundary with 6 other Indian states.

The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through Odisha, unlike several other Indian states it traverses (e.g. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram).

The statement that Odisha does not have crude oil producing places is incorrect, as Odisha does have some petroleum/crude oil exploration activity — making this the 'incorrect' statement being asked for.

11th July is observed every year as World Population Day.